How to identify your audience through customer research

Executive overview

Most copywriters guess who they're writing for. Guessing wastes time and produces copy that misses.

Customer research — surveys, on-site popups, message mining, and interviews — is the only reliable way to find out who your audience is and what actually motivates them.

Methods for audience research

  • Email surveys with open-ended questions surface the exact words customers use
  • On-site popup surveys (one question) catch visitors at exit points, including abandoned checkouts
  • Message mining on Amazon reviews and forums reveals how people describe problems in their own language
  • One-on-one interviews allow follow-up questions that reach deeper emotional motivations

Applying research to copy: a case study

  • A/B test on a developer training site: popup survey asked visitors to self-identify as beginner, intermediate, or advanced
  • Customer surveys revealed the primary motivation: getting a first developer job
  • That insight became the main value proposition headline, immediately confirming relevance to visitors
  • Adding a video addressing common concerns above the fold lifted conversions by 60%
  • A second survey found that a course curriculum graphic — confusing to the copywriters — was clear and meaningful to the actual audience; they did not change it

Why research beats guessing

  • Surveys can be launched within a week and yield usable results within seven days
  • Guessing can run indefinitely with no improvement and actively harms the business
  • Writing for yourself, not your audience, risks optimising for the wrong person

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