When to launch a startup: the quantum of utility rule

Executive overview

Founders fear launching too early, but launching late carries equal risk. Paul Graham's rule: launch as soon as one person in the world benefits from your product.

Launch the moment your product lets someone do something they couldn't do before.

The quantum of utility rule

  • Quantum of utility: the minimum threshold for launch — one person is glad you exist
  • If nobody would benefit from a launch today, you're not ready
  • You don't need broad appeal; 10 people who love it is enough
  • A small excited audience with no one else caring is a fine launch position

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